Valve mechanism for internal-combustion engines



H. J. CARMODY. VALVE MECHANISNI FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES.APPLICATION FILED JUNE 29, |918.

Patented May 17, 1921.

3 SHEETS-SHEET V H. J. CARVIODY1v VALVE MECHANISM FOR INTERNALCOMBUSTION ENGINES.

APPLICATION rxLEn1uNE29.191e.

25,373,093@ Patented May 17,1921- 3 SHEETS-SHEET 2\ /m/No/e. Hargyldf'armgdy Wm M,

Ano/mfr' l H. J.' CARMODY. VALVE MECHANISM FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTIONENGINES.

APPLICATION FILED IuIIE 29. I9I8.

1,378,093. Y Patented May II@ Im..

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3- M F l A t, /Qm

HRLD GARMODY, OF BRGOKLYN MANOR, NEW YORK, ASfSlffllUR` OF ONE-Hei?JOSEPH A. FAUROT, @F NEW YORK, N." Y.

VALVE MECHANISM FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSII ENGINES.

refranes.

Application filed June 29, .1.913. Serial No. 242,517.

To all 'whom t may concern.'

Be it known that I, HAROLD J'. CARMODY, a citizen of the United States,residing in Brooklyn Manor, in the county of Queens and State of NewYork, have invented certain new and useful improvements in ValveMechanisms for Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is afull, clear,

and exact description.

My invention relates to internal combustion engines, and moreparticularly to the Valvemechanism therefor' and the means for actuatingthe valve mechanism.

More particularly stated, I seek to increase the general efficiency ofthe engine by improving the lubrication and rendering certain parts morereadily accessible, as well as Fig. 3 is a detail View, partly insection,

of a roller wheel which may, if desired, be substituted for the spurwheel shown in Fig. 2 as a part of the valve actuating mechanism. Fig.et is a side elevation of one of the two revoluble valve sleeves, andparts immediately associated therewith. 4

Fig. is a side elevation of the other of the two revol'uble valvesleeves, and parts accompanying the same'.

Fig. 6 is a detail of construction of the valve head.

yFig. 7 is a view of thespiral cam forniing a part of the valveactuating mechanism. Fig. 8 is a view, partly in perspective and partlyin section, of the cylinder head and the valve mechanism associatedtherewith.

Fig. 9 is a perspective of the cylinders, which in this instante arecast en bloc,

Speccationef Letters latent.

Patented May im'. 192i.

F ig. 10 is a diagrammatic perspective of another form of construction,in which the rotary valve sleeves are located at the sides vof thecylinders.

Fig. 11 is a fragmentary side elevation of the lubricating system of theengine.

Fig. 12 is a perspective detail of a valve carrier whichmayform a part0f the casing. Fig. 13 is a. substantially cent-ral section through therevoluble valve sleeve shown in Figa 5.

f he particular mechanism here illustrated is a four cycle, fourcylinder internal combustion engine, the cylinders being shown at 14:,15,16, 17, and cast en bloc.

Working in these cylinders are pistons.

18, 1.9, 20, 21, which by means of connecting rods 22, 23, 24, 25,communicate rotary'motion 'to the crank shaft 26. The cylinders and thecrank shaft are inclosed by a casing 27 in the usual or; any desiredmanner, .the casing being provided with passages 28a, and thus havingwater jackets about the cylinders for Cooling purposes. f p

An intake port 28 and an exhaust'nort 29 are provided for each cylinder.Thesefports communicate through-the valve mechanism with the intakemanifold 30 and with the' exhaust manifold 31, respectively.

ln Fig. 1 of the drawings is shown a Valve casingmember 32, havinggenerally a cylindrical i form, and extending longitudinally across thetops of the cylinders. This casing member is provided withv ports 33 and34;, arranged in pairs asl shown, one pair for each cylinder, so thateach port 33 is always in registry with a port 28, and each port 34 isalways in registry with a port 29.

The valve casing 2'? is secured to the cylinder .head in any Jsuitablemanner, as shown for instance in Fig. G, by bolts 35 extending throughiianges 36 and 37, the Bange 36 being integral with the casing 27, andthe flange 37 being integral with the casing member 32.

Mounted within the valve casing member 32 are two revoluble valvesleeves 33, 39, each having substantially the form of a cone `frustumwith slight taper; The mean' diameterofthe sleeve 39 is alittle lessthan that' of the .sleeve 38, so that the si' eve '39 rea 'municationWith each cylinder, and as be-' ts into' the sleeve 38. Thus the sleeves38,

' 39 fit each other concentrically.

` cylinders.

I The'sleeve 38 is hollow, and is'provided with a number of ports 40,each being' essentially a slot.. The ports 30/are arranged in pairs, onepairfor each of the engine Each of these pairs is staggered 'yrelatively to the other pairs, as maybe understood from Fig.- 4.

e The valve sleeve 38 fits so neatly into the valve casing member i2-asto make almost an oil-tightt even when 'the sleeve is turning. Thevvalve sleeve 38 vcarries a number Otpacking rings 38a, each encirclingit and being sunken slightly into its outer surface.

These packing rings 'areof spring steel, and

A are each provided With a pairfof holes 38".

These holes are always in registry with ports 38, with Which the valvesleeve 38 is provided. Each packing ring is anchored to v prevent itfrom being displaced relatively gul fthe to the valve sleeve 38, as kthelatter turns.

The valve sleeve 39 is somewhat longer than the valve sleeve 38, and thetwo sleeves are so proportioned that when iitted together and mounted inposition as above described vthey may be rotated-in opposite The valvesleeve39 is provided with a number of ports 40, each extending diLametrically through it and having a rectancross section. Each port 40ais staggere relatively to the others, as may be understood from Fig. 13.

The parts in each of the revoluble valve sleeve'38 and 39 are sopositioned that at predeterminedlmoments of time a port of one valvesleeve Will register with a portin other, thus forming. Apassagewaysthrough the valve members for the passage of gases therethrough, andthus for the mof ment permit lthe ,gases lto flow into or out.

j of the cylinders, While at' othertimes these passages areclosed. Thusthe intake manifold 30 and the exhaust'manifold 31 are each tween theseveralcylinders this action takes yplace in a definite `order ofsuccession.

.synchronized with' thel revolution. of the crank `lshaft and yvvith thepositions of lthe pistons'in the cylinders of the engine... by

` means of a spiral wheel comprising a thread arried on a disk 43. Thisdisk is mountje rigidlyupon the crank shaft 26, and is lrevolubletherewith. `The thread 42 en meshes'a spur gear 44,'Which `is rotated bythe threadas the `,d crank shaft; If desired, a gear 44?, provided Withrollen-teeth 44h, as shownin Fig. 3'n1ay be r substituted -or the spurber32, above described, -is

iodically brought into momentary comisk 43 turns with the `so as tecompensate for Eelow' the vertaal. .shaft 45 aanotheraerr .130

The rotation of the spur gear is compara-- tively4 Aslow as comparedWith that of the crank shaft, the spur gear making one completerevolution to four revolutions of the crank shaft, and is a so-calledstep-by-step movement.` This movement is rendered variable `by the formof the thread 43. That is, the thread is distorted from a normal spiral.

The spur gear 44 is mounted rigidlyl upon ashaft, which extendsvertically as shown in Fig. Land carries upon its upper end a bevel gear46. 'A

The valve sleeve 38 is provided with' a bevelgear 47, and the valvesleeve 39 is pr0- vided with a bevel gear 48. The bevel gears 47 and 48engage opposite sides of the bevel gear 46, so that rotation of the gear46' causes the gears 47 and 48 to rotate in op posite directions. e' 4 lThe valve gearing is mounted in a casing- 49, with which the cylindricalcasing memintegral. The valve casing 49 is secured to the cylinderlcasing 27 by bolts 50, as indicated in Fig. l, and is so formed as toprovide a .bearing for the shaft 45. The casing 49 is further providedwith a removable casing head 51, normally held in position by bolts 52.By removing the casing head 51 the valve mechanism is renderedaccessible for pur' poses of inspection, removal and replacement.

The casing head 51 carries a threadedl center bolt 53,- and mounted uponthis bolt is a lock'nut 54 for locking it in position upon the casinghead. The center bolt is pointed, and lits into a head 55 with which thesleeve 39 is provided, at the end thereof adjacentth-e` bevel gear.

The valve sleeve 39 is provided with a threaded portion 56, andadjustably fittedl upon thisthreaded portion is a collar 57.

y turning this collar relatively V*to the sleeve 39, it is adjusted. Thecollar 57 abuts against the adjacent face of the'bevel gear, so thatcach of the abutting surfaces is a bearing surface for the other, and isalso a limiting stop-therefor. Thus the bevel gears 47 and l48\can notapproach eachl other beyond a limitvv determined by the po'- sition ofthe collar 57 upon thesleeve 39.`

Another center bolt vis shown atf58, and carries a lock nut 59, Thisbolt 58 is threaded, and extends through "a threaded passage in theadjacent end of the cylindrical fvalve casing member 32. This centerbolt engages the end center of the sleeve 38, and serves bothl as abearing and as an kadjustment for the valve sleeve. Y

By turning the. center bolts 53 and 58the v alve sleeves 38 and 39 areadjusted rela@y tively to 'each other and tothe' valve casingif Wear;4 f

ter bolt 60, which carries-a lock nut 6l and extends through a threadedhole in the casing 27. This center. bolt engages the lower end of theshaft 45 and serves as a bearing for this shaft. By turning the centerbolt 60, the'shaft'45 and parts carried by it .are

' raised or lowered to a slight extent.

l/Vhile each center bolt 53, 58 and 60 1s adjustable independently ofthe others, any two of .these bolts, or all three of them, may

be adjusted interdependently. If in adjusting one of them theadjustmentof another is disturbed,v it can be corrected by moving the other. j Forinstance, if the bolt 53 lbe 'turned so'as to move the gear 48 vto theright and the bolt 58 be so turned as to more the gear 47 to the left,according to F ig. l, this may cause the gears 48 and 47 to crowd thegear 46. This could be corrected by turning the bolt so as to lower theshaft 45,'and with it the gear 46. Again,

it might happen that, owing to excessive wear upon the teeth of thevarious .bevel gears, each bevel gear might be loose relatively to theothers, yet the valve sleeves might need no adjustment. In such eventthe screw 60 should be turned `so as to lift the shaft 45 a slightdistance. This would obliterate the looseness just mentioned, and wouldnot disturb the valve sleeves.

The. ports -in the valve sleeves 38"and 39 v are aso distributed, andthe valve'- members are together rotated at such variable speeds,

that "at predetermined moments each cylinder in succession will berst incommunication with. the intake manifold and thenv with the exhaustmanifold, and that at detii nite intervalseach cylinder will be cut offfrom all communication with either manifold, and .will so remain for amomentary but predetermined interval of time.

In the present embodiment Vthe rotation of the valve sleeves. for thepurposes just stated is eifected,an d the rotation of thev 'shaping thespiral cam 42 accordingly, the

vparts may be so arranged that with the device in action the inlet portsare brought into and out of registry, and the exhaust ports brought intoand out of registry, at sui-table time intervals for a four .cycleaction. A

this arrangement of the valve sleeves a quick opening and closing of theports'is obtained, and upon this account it is permissible Ito make allof the ports rather .large as compared with the' size ofthe cylinders.This insures the easy iiow of thegases into and out of the cylinders,and has lother advantages well-recognized in this art.

Fig, 8shows a form of my rotary valve mechanism built into and formingapart of a removable cylinder head,A the cylinder. block Vassociatedwith this cylinder head being shown in Fig. 8. This arrangement of theparts offers apractical and efficient means for modifying many multiplecylinf" der engines of standard construction so as to incorporate rotaryvalve mechanism therewith instead of valve mechanism using the ordinarypoppet valves, the engines lthusmodiied acquiring all the advantages ofan. engine fitted'with the rotary valve mechanism above described. j

In the form shown in "Figs.'k 8 and 9 the cylinder block appears at 63,and in this instance is waterfjacketed.. The inlet pipe for the water isshown at 64, and is used for connecting the water passages with the'radiator in the usual or any desired manner.v Holes 66 in the cylinderblock are provided for receiving bolts 67, .the latter being used tohold the .cylinder head in position upon the cylinderjblock.

The cylinder head, which is. of the multipletype, is shown at 68 andcomprises the water jacket construction, having waterpassages 69 adaptedto register with the water` passages 65 in the cylinder block.l .Themultiple head is provided with bolt holes 70 for" receiving the bolts67, .in order to enable the cylinder head to be secu-red in position.

The cylinder head is provided with a sub- I stantially cylindricalportion 71, whichfis formed into a watery jacket .and s( 'ves `as fa"casing .member for the revoluble valveV sleeves above described. Apassage 72, hay?" ing la general cylindrical shape, communicates freelywltlr theiwater jacket infithe y cylinder head.y ithin the cylindrical"caspipe connection 7 6 is for'use in circulating 125 waterfthrough thewater jacket oi? the cylinder head. 'j y The cylinder head and valvecasing shown in Fig. 81nay, if desired, be cast in a single,` integralblock, asi-shown.. These parts mayy be nCOfPOf-ted' iinth'fengineconstruction as originally built, or they may in many instances besubstituted for removable heads ot other types.

Instead of` arranging the revoluble valvesleeves as above described,they may be supported in a tubular valve carrier 77 having' the formshown in Fig. 12. The valve carrier 77 is an elongated casingvmember,the inner surface of Which 'serves as a bearing surface for a revolublevalve sleeve 38d, of the proximate form ofthe revoluble valve sleeve 38,above described. Revolubly fitting into the valve sleeve 38a is anothervalve sleeve 78, having the onm shown more particularly inF ig. 13. Thisvalve sleeve is holl low, and is provided with a closed end 79. Itsopposite end-8() is provided with a port 8]., substantially coaxial withthe sleeve, and

, holes 87, serving as oil vbetween the yshaft 91, as shown in ingportion 92 ofthe casing 49 used for introducing lubricatingoilthereluto. T his port also serves to' accommodate the centering pinand thus acts as a bearlng.

The valve carrier 77 is provided with anumb'er ol inlet ports 82 andWith a number of outletports 83, andthe valve sleeve 78 is also providedwith portsSa and 85. These ports consist of diametrically disposed pipes86, which seal the ports84. and 85 from communication with the interiorof the tubular sleeve, as indicated in Fig. 13.

The valve sleeve 38d is 'provided With pinducts by aid whereoflubricating oil is distributed. The valve sleeve 78 is similarlyprovided With pinholes 88, which communicate with the interior of thesleeves, and are adapted to convey oil in valve sleeves, whence it findsvits Way through the oil ducts 87 and in between 4the revoluble sleeve38n and the inner-surface of the valvev carrier 77.

As may be seenffrom Fig. 1 the revoluble valve sleeves are completelyinclosed Within the casing, 'so that the gearing used to operate thevalve members may be completely .In all forms of device the oil, afterlubricating the revoluble valve sleeves, is collected and returned,through a passage 27a, shown at the riglnt ci Fig. 1and preferably castin the casing as a void..

The centrifugal pump 99forces the lubridating oil up through the passage94 so as to ll the upper pdrtioxi of the casing 49 and thus Wholly orpartially submerge the bevel gears. The oil ids its Way into the valveemploy a centrifugal passage a pipe 9.5 leads to the ,fastenthe valvebarrier 77 in sleeve 78, through the hole 8,1, thence passes radiallyoutward through the pinholes, and Works in between the inner and outervalve sleeves, thence passes outwardly through the pinhole ducts of theouter valve sleeve, and at last works out into the passage 27a (seeFig. 1) and into the crank casing. Here it is againtaken up by thecentrifugal pump.

Referring more particularly to F ig. 13 it will be noted that the`v port81 is .so located that when the device isin action as shown in Fig. 11,'a considerable volume of oil infree form is contained at all timesWithiny .the valve sleeve 78. Such being the case, if tor any cause thesupply of lubricating oil into the inner valve sleeve happens to be cutott", the sleeve must still retain a considerable volume of free oil.rthis volume-of free oil is thus virtually'an auxiliary oill supply, in;

suring adequate lubrication even inthe event of accident to'the pump orparts immediately associated therewith. Y

Referring again to F ig. 18, it Will be noted that the valve sleeve 78is provided with a number of Webs 95, preferably integral With it asshown. These Webs are each of sub-v stantially annular form, and theyare spaced apart at intervals along the sleeve. .Each Web is adapted toserve as a dam or embankment forholding a body of lubricating oil in theevent that the flow of oil into the sleeve is out off, as abovedescribed. More,

over each Web is so arranged as to retain a considerable portion of suchbodygol oil even when the sleeve is inclined slightly in the directionof its length. By this arrange-l ment, evenif. the engine be tiltedWithinV considerable llimits a number of separate volumes of oil `Willremain Within the sleeve and available as a reserve supply, .so that4the/ 105 tilting of the engine'even for 'considerable periods of timecannot interfere with proper lubrication.

The Avalve carrier 77 -is provided with Y flanges 96, havingI boltholesr 97 for convenience in fasteningthe carrier alongside theseveralengine cylinders in proper posi-r tion so that the inlet and exhaustports shall I:

register with 'the similar ports in the several cylinders.. By thisarrangement many forms of engine,.fhaving valveA operatingrnecha-j;nlsms of a Widely derentcharacter from'.v

that herein disclosed may be -supplied with..

therevoluble valve sleeves and valve operating mechanism. "In suchinstances all that 'is required is to. removethe usual valves andposition alongf sidel'the cylinders, as above inlet manifold maybemounted yasshown at 98, andthe lexhaust manifold as at 99, in ldescribed. The

.Although many advantages result. fromV the association of the revolublevalve ysleeves as above described with the :particular form of gearingherein. .disclosed for transmit` ting motion thereto from the crankshaft,

it will be understood that the invention is v not limited to the specialtype of `transmisvsion mechanism disclosed, but that other forms may beemployed instead.

As many changes `could be madein the construction above described, andmany dit ferent embodiments of this invention could be made withoutdeparting from the scope thereof, it should be understood that the4foregoing description and the accompany-- ing drawings are merelyillustrative and not as limiting the scope of the invention.

I claim 1. In an internalI combustion engine the combination ofarevoluble valve sleeve, a

gear wheel mounted upon said valve sleeve for turning the same, a secondvalve sleeve tted into said first mentioned valve sleeve, a collarmounted .upon 'said 'second mentioned valve sleeve and adjustablerelatively thereto, zsaid collar .being abutted by the Aend of saidfirst mentioned valve sleeve, a4

gear wheel carried by said second mentioned val-ye sleeve, and meanscommon to the gear wheels for turning'the samein opposite dii retions.

2.?In an internal combustion'engine thei ",einbination of a revolublevalve sleeve pro-- vided `vvith ports, a. second revoluble valve sleeveprovided with ports adapted to be -brought intoand out of registrywithsaid normally abutted by first mentioned ports, a collar` carried -bysaidA second mentioned valve sleeve and adjustable relativelythereto,.said collar bein the adjacent end o s'aicl first mentionedsleeve.`

3. In a yvalve mechanism for internal 'combustion engines thecombination of a.

valve casing member having generally the .form of an elongated sleeveand provided .gated valvecasing member providedl with ports, apairvofvalve sleeves located withsaid easing memberandv disposedconcentrically` lne1within the other, each of saidvalve sleeves havingports for coacting with saidv first-mentioned ports,- the vinnermost ofsaid. sleeves being provided with pin holes for'. distributing oil totheoutermostof said sleeves, and means for admitting oil into the innermostof said sleeves.

HAROLD CARMODY.

